Conditions Chart
This reference guide may be useful in some clinical situations. The suggested investigations are neither comprehensive nor are they applicable in all circumstances. Tests should be selected upon consideration of the patient’s clinical history, signs, symptoms and previous test results.
For further information, please contact our pathologists or tech advisors by calling 1300 554 480 or emailing info@befunctional.com.au.
Acne |
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| CDSA | Important to determine if there is malabsorption or dysbiosis, which may influence the expression of skin symptoms such as acne |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability (leaky gut) allows toxins to enter the blood and may cause or exacerbate skin conditions including acne |
| MBH |
Monitoring testosterone status is an important factor in the treatment of acne. High testosterone levels may indicate increased levels of dihydrotestosterone, which can cause the increased sebum and keratin production seen in acne |
| IgG | Food sensitivities can increase intestinal permeability and gut dysbiosis which will both contribute to acne |
| VA | Vitamins A, C, E and B6 are important in maintaining skin health; there may be deficiencies of any of these vitamins in cases of acne |
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| AHP | Altered levels of Cortisol and DHEA-S are indicative of acute and/or chronic stress which can result in adrenal exhaustion and immune suppression |
| sIgA | Given the role of stress in adrenal exhaustion, it may also be relevant to investigate Secretory IgA levels which are sensitive to stress. Early detection of altered sIgA may help to protect the gut from infection associated with reduced levels. |
| VA | Adrenal exhaustion may be related to vitamin deficiency. Vitamin C and the B group vitamins, particularly B5 and B6 support adrenal function and the stress response |
| MA | Mineral deficiency may also play a key role in adrenal exhaustion. Magnesium is the major mineral associated with exhaustion, and minerals such as calcium, zinc and iron are also worth investigating |
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| CDSA | Diarrhoea, poor digestion and malabsorption are common in AIDS sufferers |
| IP | Intestinal permeability is common in AIDS patients. This results in increased levels of toxins and other chemicals into the blood, as well as poor absorption of nutrients |
| sIgA | Secretory IgA is the first line of defence for the immune system and provides a major line of defence against pathogens in the gut and respiratory tract |
| AHP | Low levels of Cortisol and DHEA-S will compromise immune function |
| MBH | Low testosterone levels are common in both male and female AIDS patients which may contribute to fatigue and loss of muscle mass |
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| CDSA | Disturbance of intestinal microflora can lead to malabsorption of macronutrients and vitamins |
| IP | Excess alcohol increases intestinal permeability allowing toxins to enter the bloodstream |
| VA | Increased loss of the water soluble B vitamins and vitamin C can cause deficiencies. Deficiency of the fat soluble Vitamin A is also common due to impaired absorption. Folic acid deficiency is very common in alcoholics |
| NTx | Alcohol dependency may be associated with increased risk of osteoporosis, particularly in females |
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| IgG | Food sensitivity may underlie a number of allergic/atopic conditions including eczema, asthma, hayfever and migraine |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability will contribute to increased antigenic load |
| CDSA | Poor digestion, gut dysbiosis and malabsorption will all increase antigenic load in the body |
| sIgA | Maintaining sufficient production of sIgA is essential to support host defence mechanisms in the gut and protect gut-barrier function to reduce the incidence/likelihood of allergic reactions |
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| MBH | High levels of testosterone may indicate high levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is responsible for male pattern baldness (especially with Zn deficiency). Another factor may be elevated cortisol levels as a result of prolonged stress |
| CDSA | Optimal GIT function is important for maintenance of adequate levels of essential nutrients, which may be compromised by poor digestion, malabsorption, and dysbiosis. |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability may permit increased absorption of toxic metals |
| THP | Low levels of free T3 (the active thyroid hormone) may be a cause of hair loss |
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| CDSA | Optimal GIT function is important for maintenance of adequate levels of essential nutrients, which may be compromised by poor digestion, malabsorption, and dysbiosis |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability may permit increased absorption of toxic metals |
| BHP | Oestrogen imbalance in post-menopausal women may influence cognitive and memory function |
| EFA | The proper levels and balance of n-3/n-6 essential fatty acids are required for normal cognitive function |
| AA | Amino acid imbalances (e.g. glutamic acid deficiencies) can cause symptoms such as memory loss |
| VA | Deficiencies of vitamins B6, B12 and folic acid may cause elevated levels of homocysteine and are related to cognitive dysfunction |
| TM | Provides assessment of recent exposure to toxic metals |
| TAS | Low antioxidant status will allow increased free radical damage to neurons |
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| FHP/BHP | It is important to assess the balance of oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and DHEA throughout the cycle. Also, melatonin is a marker of severe hypothalamic amenorrhea |
| THP | It is important to assess levels of thyroid hormones as sex hormone metabolism may be linked to thyroid function |
| NTx | Cross-linked N-telopeptide is a marker of calcium resorption and hence ultimate risk of osteoporosis, which may be a result of an oestrogen deficiency |
| EFA | Athletic amenorrhoea is commonly related to poor nutrition, particularly essential fatty acid deficiencies |
| AA | Low protein intake (or poor protein combining) will result in amino acid imbalances that may contribute to amenorrhoea |
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| CDSA | Assessment of gastrointestinal function is important as malabsorption (e.g. due to low stomach acidity) is a common cause of anaemia |
| 3DP | It is important to screen for parasites, such as Blastocystis hominis, which uses Fe as a nutrient source |
| IP | High intestinal permeability will contribute to poor absorption of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 |
| VA | Deficiencies of the vitamins B12 and Folic acid may cause macrocytic anaemia, and vitamin C deficiency may be associated with poor Fe absorption |
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| FBH | Delayed menarche or prolonged amenorrhea is common in anorexic females. The balance of adrenal (increased cortisol) and sex hormones (low oestradiol) may be disturbed and nocturnal melatonin levels elevated |
| CDSA | Optimal gastrointestinal function is important to ensure levels of essential nutrients (e.g. Zn) are not compromised by poor digestion, malabsorption, or dysbiosis. Healthy intestinal microflora contributes to immunity |
| IP | It is important to assess gastrointestinal mucosal integrity in cases of anorexia, as there is reduced nutrient supply to the cells, leading to mucosal atrophy and hence increased permeability to bacteria and endotoxins |
| 3DP | Loss of appetite may be a symptom of an infestation by intestinal parasites (e.g. Dientamoeba fragilis, Blastocystis hominis) |
| NTx | Anorexia nervosa increases the risk of osteoporosis |
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| AHP | Anxiety is commonly stress-related, the impact of which can be assessed by measuring the levels of Cortisol and DHEA-S over a 24 hour period |
| MEL | Reduced melatonin levels are also associated with anxiety and can be related to Mg deficiency |
| ABF/ABM | Sex hormone imbalance is common in conditions of anxiety and stress, e.g. progesterone has anxiolytic properties, whereas oestradiol has anxiogenic effects. |
| IP | Stress and anxiety may cause increased intestinal permeability, which may lead to increased levels of toxins in the blood |
| rT3 | During times of increased stress, higher levels of reverse T3 (rT3) are produced, resulting in reduced conversion of T4 to T3 |
| VA | The B group vitamins are essential for nervous system function. Deficiencies of these, particularly B5 and B6 are common in anxiety |
| HMA | Anxiety may be caused by mineral deficiencies, particularly Mg, and elevated levels of toxic metals such as Hg, Cd and Pb |
| AA | Deficiency of certain amino acids (e.g. tryptophan, glutamine, tyrosine etc.) may result in altered neurotransmitter function which will contribute to anxiety |
| THP | Anxiety may be exacerbated by reduced levels of active thyroid hormones, such as free T3 |
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| IgG | IgG food sensitivity testing can identify foods which may be causing asthma symptoms |
| CDSA | The GIT is the first line of defence against food antigens, so optimal gastrointestinal function is important in reducing the likelihood of food sensitivities which may contribute to asthma symptoms. Healthy intestinal microflora also make an important contribution to GIT barrier properties and immunity |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability (which may be related to food sensitivities) allows antigens and other molecules to enter the bloodstream, which may trigger asthma |
| EFA | A high ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids may contribute to asthma due to the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators |
| HMA | Deficiencies in the minerals Zn, Se, and Cu, which are cofactors in antioxidant mechanisms (e.g. Se and glutathione peroxidase) and elevated Na may contribute to asthma symptoms |
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| LIP | Oxidised LDL cholesterol is a major component of atherosclerotic plaque. Determining total antioxidant status is crucial in preventing oxidative damage |
| CoQ10 | Coenzyme Q10 may help to prevent Atherosclerosis (by preventing the oxidation of LDL Cholesterol) |
| EFA | Excessive Arachidonic Acid may increase the risk of atherosclerosis due to its role as a precursor to Prostaglandin E2 and Thromboxane A2 synthesis. This can be countered by the presence of greater levels of n-3 EFAs. An EFA analysis provides important information on EFA ratios |
| AA | Homocysteine is a significant independent risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis |
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| IgG | Sensitivities to certain foods may influence behaviour |
| IP | Increased intestinal permeability will result in increased absorption of xenobiotics and toxic metals (e.g. Pb) which may contribute to symptoms |
| EFA | Deficiencies of both n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids are associated with ADD and hyperactivity in children |
| AA | Symptoms may be caused by deficiencies of amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter precursors tyrosine and tryptophan |
| HMA | Assesses long term CNS effects of toxic metal (Pb) accumulation and deficiencies of nutritional elements (including Mg, Ca, K), which also affect CNS function |
| TM | Pb toxicity is related to CNS effects. A blood analysis for toxic metals is ideally used in acute situations to determine the level of recent exposure and toxicity |
| VA | Deficiencies of vitamins, such as B1, B3, B6, and C, can contribute to cognitive dysfunction |
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| IgG | Food sensitivities are common in cases of autism |
| IP | Increased intestinal permeability will result in increased absorption of xenobiotics and toxic metals (e.g. Pb) which may contribute to symptoms |
| CDSA | Dysbiosis is often found in autism patients. Digestive enzyme production is often also compromised which may be responsible for nutritional deficiencies associated with autism |
| EFA | Abnormal fat metabolism is common in autism resulting in essential fatty acid deficiencies, with a higher than normal n-6:n-3 ratio |
| AA | Amino acid deficiencies are common, e.g. methionine (important in toxic metal metabolism). These deficiencies can be exacerbated by restricted diets, so it is important to check their levels (e.g. neurotransmitter precursors, tyrosine and tryptophan) |
| TM | High levels of toxic metals are seen in autism |
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| TAS | Antioxidants are necessary to reduce the oxidative damage seen in biliary cirrhosis |
| MA | Patients with biliary cirrhosis are found to have deficiencies in Mg, Se and Zn |
| EFA | An EFA Profile is useful for determining imbalances that may be contributing to inflammation |
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| AHP | The impact of stress and consequent changes in Cortisol and DHEA-S levels are an important consideration in the management of bipolar disorder |
| FBH/MBH | Hormonal imbalances, particularly in women, may contribute to manic episodes in bipolar disorder |
| THP | Hypothyroidism may be an important underlying factor in bipolar disorder |
| TM | The accumulation of toxic metals may further contribute to symptoms of bipolar disorder |
| MA | Magnesium deficiency is common in bipolar patients |
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| NTx | Cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx) is an indicator of bone resorption, high levels can indicate reduced bone mineral density |
| FBH/MBH | The correct balance of testosterone and oestrogens are essential to maintaining bone mineral density |
| 2 & 16 | An increased ratio of 2- and 16-oestrogen metabolites may indicate osteoporosis risk in females due to oestrogen deficiency |
| HMA | Elevated levels of Cd interferes with Ca uptake and vitamin D metabolism |
| EFA | EFAs are required for the collagen matrix supporting bone |
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| CDSA | Chronic constipation, gut dysbiosis and deficiency of short chain fatty acids such as butyrate for the colonic epithelium are all associated with an increased risk for bowel cancer |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability results in increased absorption of toxins and reduced absorption of minerals |
| TAS | Bowel cancer may be associated with the cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species |
| sIgA | Maintaining an adequate daily production of Secretory IgA is essential to mucosal immunity and the proliferation of protective microflora |
| IgG | Chronic food sensitivity and related GIT damage and inflammation may be a contributing factor to bowel cancer and an important treatment consideration |
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| FBH/MBH | It is important to assess the balance of sex hormones, as excessive oestrogens may cause overstimulation of the breast tissue leading to cancer. Reduced levels of progesterone may also be important as it limits the effects of excess oestrogen. Hormone replacement therapy and the oral contraceptive pill may also increase the risk of breast cancer. |
| 2 & 16 | The ratio between the oestrone metabolites should be investigated, as high levels of 16-alpha-hydroxyoestrone relative to 2-hydroxyoestrone may be associated with a higher risk of oestrogen dependent cancers |
| THP | Assessment of thyroid hormone status is important because breast cancer may be associated with thyroid imbalance |
| rT3 | Increased levels of reverse T3 (rT3) are produced under stress, resulting in reduced conversion of T4 to T3 |
| CDSA | Maintaining optimal gut function is an important consideration where hormone levels are affected |
| TAS | Breast cancer may be associated with the cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species |
| EFA | The balance between n-3 and n-6 fatty acids may play a role in breast cancer, with n-3 fatty acids providing a protective effect |
| CoQ10 | Coenzyme Q10 deficiency may be linked to breast cancer |
| VA | Deficiencies in vitamin A and the antioxidant vitamins C and E may be associated with breast cancer |
| HMA | A deficiency of Se (impaired activity of glutathione peroxidase) may be associated with breast cancer |
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| TAS | All cancers may be associated with the cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species |
| AHP | The relationship between cancer and stress is well established. Investigation of the level of the major stress hormones, Cortisol and DHEA-S is therefore essential |
| MEL | Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant |
| TM | Toxic metal accumulation will displace essential protective minerals (eg Cd from cigarette smoke displaces Zn) and may be an important factor in the development of many cancers |
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| CDSA | Optimal gastrointestinal function protects against dysbiosis. The CDSA screens for all yeasts including candida species |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability may be a consequence of a diet high in refined carbohydrate, which will also increase the likelihood of additional food sensitivities, poor nutrient absorption and increased antigenic load |
| sIgA | Assessing the levels of sIgA is essential in Candidiasis as a high daily production will help to reduce Candida organisms and favour the proliferation of protective microflora |
| IgG | Sensitivity to carbohydrates and yeasts is common and may increase the likelihood of additional food sensitivities |
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| TAS | Antioxidants may protect against oxidative CV damage |
| CoQ10 | Coenzyme Q10 provides antioxidant protection and may also improve vascular function and lower blood pressure |
| EFA | The omega-3 fatty acids, Eicosapentaneoic (EPA) and docosahexaneoic acid (DHA) acids may protect against atherosclerosis, heart attack and stroke |
| VA | Vitamins B6, B12, and folate are essential for homocysteine metabolism. Vitamins C & E may provide HDL protection |
| BHP | Normal levels of testosterone in men and oestrogen in women are important for optimal heart function. |
| AHP | Cortisol and DHEA-S are markers of hypertensive stress. |
| MEL | Melatonin may provide cardiovascular protective effects |
| TM | Elevated levels of toxic metals can contribute to CVD (e.g. Hg, Pb, Cd) |
| HMA | Chronic mineral deficiencies and high levels of toxic metals are associated with CVD |
| THP | Hypothyroidism may be the underlying cause if high levels of Triglycerides are found (TG test)? |
| CDSA | Optimal GIT function is important so that levels of essential nutrients are not compromised nor levels of xenobiotics elevated by poor digestion, malabsorption, and dysbiosis. Assessment includes triglycerides and cholesterol |
| C-RP | C-reactive protein is a powerful risk factor and predictor of CVD |
| Hom | High homocysteine levels are associated with CVD |
| Apo | Apolipoprotein A-1 and Apo-B are predictors of coronary atherosclerosis |
| Fib | High levels of fibrinogen (clotting factor I) are associated with inflammation and may increase risk of CVD |
| TG | Abnormally high triglyceride levels may indicate other conditions such as hypothyroidism, liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, or diabetes |
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| CDSA | Malabsorption, maldigestion and dysbiosis are common with coeliac disease |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability is a consequence of the immune response to gluten, which causes impaired nutrient absorption and increased uptake of toxic metals |
| IgG | Sensitivities to other foods (e.g. cows' milk) should also be considered |
| HMA | Coeliac disease results in a number of nutrient deficiencies such as Zn, Fe, Mg and Ca and may increase the risk of toxic metal accumulation |
| sIgA | sIgA defends mucosal surfaces against pathogenic invasion and low levels will contribute to the inflammatory response in coeliac disease, particularly when there is altered intestinal permeability |
| Glia | The presence of gliadin antibodies is a useful marker for coeliac disease |
| TTg | The presence of tissue transglutaminase antibodies is a reliable indicator for the diagnosis of coeliac disease |
| IS | Plasma Iron deficiency is common in patient's with coeliac disease |
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| EFA | The EFA analysis is an ideal way to detect EFA deficiency. Omega 3 PUFAs, in particular, have a considerable influence on the synthesis and clearance of lipoproteins, especially VLDL and chylomicrons |
| FBH/MBH | High levels of testosterone and low oestrogen can promote high cholesterol |
| TAS | As the oxidation of LD cholesterol is the chief feature in heart disease, it is essential to ensure total antioxidant status is sufficient to protect against free radical species |
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| CDSA | Intestinal dysbiosis is common in colitis. Inflammation may also cause maldigestion and malabsorption |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability is common in Crohn's disease and damaged intestinal mucosa more permeable to antigens and toxins which contribute to inflammation |
| VA, MA | Chronic malabsorption can lead to vitamin and mineral deficiencies |
| IgG | Food sensitivities are common and may increase inflammation and intestinal permeability |
| sIgA | Stress reduces Secretory IgA which is necessary to protect the gut from infection and inflammation |
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| CDSA | A complete assessment of digestion, absorption, intestinal function and microbial flora as well as identifying pathogens is recommended |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability is common in chronic constipation and damaged intestinal mucosa more permeable to antigens and toxins which may increase the load on the bowel |
| IgG | Food sensitivities are common and may lead to poor digestion and reduced transit time |
| sIgA | Sufficient levels of Secretory IgA are required to protect against pathogens which may proliferate in chronic constipation |
| VA, MA | Chronic constipation will contribute to nutrient deficiencies over time |
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| CDSA | Intestinal dysbiosis is common in Crohn's disease. Inflammation may also cause maldigestion and malabsorption |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability is common in Crohn's disease and damaged intestinal mucosa is more permeable to antigens and toxins which contribute to inflammation |
| IgG | Food sensitivities are common and may increase inflammation and intestinal permeability |
| sIgA | Stress reduces Secretory IgA which is necessary to protect the gut from infection and inflammation |
| EFA | Chronic inflammatory response may result from essential fatty acid deficiencies and imbalances. A high n-6:n-3 ratio may cause elevated levels of pro-inflammatory metabolites |
| NTx | Reduced bone mineral density is common and may be caused by corticosteroid treatment and dysfunctional Ca metabolism |
| VA | Chronic malabsorption can lead to vitamin deficiencies, particularly the B group vitamins |
| TAS | Free radical endothelial damage may occur as a result of low antioxidant levels |
| MA | Test for recent imbalances in critical elements (e.g. Se, Cu, Zn) |
| HMA | Test for chronic deficiencies of critical elements (e.g. Se, Cu, Zn, Fe) |
| IS | General pathology testing for Fe and Hb is important, as iron deficiency anaemia is common in Crohn's disease |
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| CDSA | Test for pancreatic insufficiency (pancreatic elastase). Malabsorption/maldigestion of cholesterol, long and short chain fatty acids, and triglycerides in stool is common |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability is common in cystic fibrosis, affecting nutrient absorption and further compromising health |
| IgG | Food sensitivities are common, exacerbating problems with malnutrition |
| sIgA | Low levels of sIgA will result in reduced mucosal immunity |
| TAS | Cystic fibrosis may be aggravated by the cellular damage associated with oxidative stress |
| EFA | Essential fatty acid deficiency or imbalance (e.g. low levels of n-3 fatty acids) may cause increased inflammation due to high levels of the pro-inflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins |
| MA | Zinc deficiency is common as impaired pancreatic function reduces absorption. Low selenium levels are also found in cystic fibrosis patients, with implications for reduced antioxidant activity |
| HMA | Zinc, magnesium, and manganese deficiencies are common in cystic fibrosis. Altered intestinal permeability may also lead to elevated levels of toxic metals |
| VA | Deficiencies of vitamins C, E, B1, B6, B12, and Folic acid are common |
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| AHP | Imbalance of the adrenal hormones Cortisol and DHEA-S may contribute to depression |
| FBH/MBH | Imbalance of the sex hormones may contribute to depression |
| THP | Subclinical hypothyroidism may be a cause of depression |
| rT3 | Increased rT3 production occurs during periods of stress |
| EFA | Low levels of n-3 fatty acids or high n-6:n-3 ratios are common in patients with depression |
| VA | The B group vitamins are essential for nervous system function. Deficiencies of these, particularly B2, B3, B5 and B6 are common in depression |
| CDSA | Depression can be caused by nutrient and vitamin deficiencies, which can result from malabsorption due to digestive problems. Poor gut function may also cause disruption of hormone levels |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability may permit increased absorption of toxic metals such as Pb which may contribute to depression |
| HMA | Deficiencies of minerals involved in nerve function (e.g. Zn, Mg, Ca, K) may contribute to depression. Se deficiency may also be important to consider due to its role in thyroid function |
| TM | Toxic metal accumulation (e.g. Hg, Pb) may contribute to depression |
| IgG | Food sensitivities may be associated with depression |
| Glu & Ins | Depression is common in diabetes |
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| IgG | Food sensitivities should be investigated in all cases of dermatitis and eczema. |
| EFA | Imbalances in essential fatty acids can result in an excess of the pro-inflammatory metabolites, and overall deficiencies may be responsible for dry and itchy skin |
| CDSA | Gastro-intestinal inflammation is common with eczema, as well as malabsorption, dysbiosis, and pancreatic insufficiency. |
| IP | High intestinal permeability results in impaired absorption of essential nutrients and increased absorption of antigenic compounds which may exacerbate skin problems |
| HMA | Mineral deficiencies may also contribute to skin problems. Low levels of Zn are common in eczema patients. Zn, Mg and vitamin B6 are essential for the production of delta-6-desaturase, a critical enzyme in fatty acid metabolism |
| TAS | The antioxidant nutrients, particularly vitamins A, C and E are essential for protecting the skin from irritants and infection as well as promoting healing and repair |
| FBH/MBH | There is a link between low testosterone levels and loss of skin elasticity. Skin health is also compromised by low levels of oestrogens. |
| AHP | Levels of DHEA-S and cortisol should also be measured, as increased stress is associated with eczema and dermatitis |
| VA | Deficiencies of vitamins A, C, and E may contribute to eczema. The B group vitamins particularly B2 and B3, are vital for skin health. Deficiencies of vitamins B6, B12, and folate may be seen in cases of seborrhoeic dermatitis |
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| FBH/MBH | High insulin levels may decrease SHBG levels leading to increased testosterone and hormone imbalance |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability will lead to increased antigenic load |
| VA, MA | Nutrient deficiencies such as Mg, Cr, Mn and Zn may be implicated in diabetes |
| IgG | |
| CDSA | Levels of pancreatic elastase are measured to assess pancreatic function |
| 3DP | |
| Ins | Insulin test |
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| 3DP | Parasitic infection is a common cause of diarrhoea |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability will lead to increased antigenic load which may result in diarrhoea and nutrient malabsorption |
| CDSA | A complete assessment of digestion, absorption, intestinal function and microbial flora as well as identifying pathogenic bacteria and yeasts is recommended |
| sIgA | Low levels of secretory IgA will result in reduced mucosal immunity, poor microflora and greater likelihood of pathogenic invasion |
| HpSA | Helicobacter pylori infection may cause diarrhoea and other symptoms of gastritis |
| IgG | Diarrhoea is a common symptom of food sensitivity |
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| AHP | The incidence of dysmenorrhoea is found to be strongly associated with high stress which can be assessed by measuring cortisol and DHEA-S levels |
| 2 &16 | The ratio between 2- and 16-oestrogen urinary metabolites may indicate poor metabolism of oestrogen |
| THP | Assessment of thyroid hormone levels is important to assess whether hypothyroidism is involved in dysmenorrhoea |
| rT3 | High levels of rT3 will inhibit the conversion of T4 to T3 (this is seen during times of increased stress) |
| EFA | There is a complex relationship between essential fatty acid metabolites and dysmenorrhoea. The balance of anti- and pro-inflammatory mediators is not only important but specific to each individual. |
| CDSA | Optimal gut function is an important consideration when hormone levels are affected |
| HMA | Dysmenorrhoea may be related to mineral deficiencies such as Mg and Ca |
| VA | Treatment of dysmenorrhoea with oral contraceptives may cause vitamin B6 and folic acid deficiency |
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| HMA | Hair mineral analysis provides a profile of chronic toxic metal exposure and deficiencies of essential trace elements |
| TM | Deficiencies of minerals such as Magnesium and Chromium may be linked to epilepsy |
| TAS | Antioxidant protection is important in protecting against cellular damage and toxic metal accumulation |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability may permit increased absorption of antigens and neurotoxic metals such as Pb and Hg, as well as contributing to poor absorption of essential nutrients |
| IgG | Food sensitivity testing is recommended as a contributing factor to epileptic symptoms |
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| FBH | Assessment of the balance of sex hormones is important as excess oestrogens are involved in endometriosis. |
| 2 & 16 | Assessment of the levels of the 2- and 16- urinary oestrogen metabolites is useful in the diagnosis of the impaired inactivation of oestradiol to oestrone, which is common in endometriosis |
| THP | Thyroid hormone levels should be investigated where there is abnormal sex hormone function |
| rT3 | High levels of rT3 will inhibit the conversion of T4 to T3 (this is seen during times of increased stress) |
| EFA | The ratio of n-6:n-3 essential fatty acids should be considered as the pro-inflammatory arachadonic acid (n-6) metabolite prostaglandin E2 increases endometrial aromatase activity, which increases levels of the active oestrogen species oestradiol. Women with endometriosis are found to have high levels of arachidonic acid and PGE2, which can be countered by the n-3 EFA, Eicosapentanoic acid |
| CDSA | Optimal gut function is an important consideration when hormone levels are affected |
| TAS | Oxidative stress may contribute to the inflammatory response in endometriosis |
| HMA | Low levels of Se may be associated with endometriosis |
| VA | Deficiencies in vitamin E may be linked to endometriosis |
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| TM | Blood and/or urine testing for toxic metals is an important means of identifying levels of recent exposure and accumulation |
| IP | Environmental pollutants may cause altered intestinal permeability, causing further problems associated with dietary antigens and xenobiotics entering the system |
| sIgA | Low levels of sIgA will result in greater likelihood of pathogenic invasion |
| MA | A blood test to assess mineral status is important in diagnosing deficiencies which may occur due to antagonism by toxic metals |
| FBH/MBH | Assessment of hormone levels is important as environmental toxins can affect hormone balance, upsetting their metabolism and regulation |
| CDSA | Poor digestive function, including gut dysbiosis, may contribute to deficiency of nutrients such as zinc and magnesium that may protect against environmental toxicity |
| TAS | Toxic metal accumulation may cause elevated levels of free radicals and reactive oxygen species which are likely to cause cellular damage |
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| AHP | Altered levels of Cortisol and DHEA-S are indicative of acute and/or chronic stress which can result in adrenal exhaustion and immune suppression |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability will contribute to exhaustion through increased absorption of antigens and toxic metals and poor absorption of essential nutrients |
| VA | Exhaustion may be related to vitamin deficiency. Vitamin C and the B group vitamins, particularly B5 and B6 support adrenal function and the stress response |
| MA | Mineral deficiency may also play a key role in exhaustion. Magnesium is the major mineral associated with exhaustion, and minerals such as calcium, zinc and iron are also worth investigating |
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| AHP | Test cortisol and DHEA-S levels to assess adrenal function |
| FBH/MBH | Low levels of testosterone and hormonal imbalance generally may also cause fatigue |
| sIgA | Low levels of sIgA will result in greater likelihood of pathogenic invasion which may contribute to fatigue |
| HMA | Fatigue may be caused by chronic deficiencies of Mg, Zn, and high levels of toxic metals |
| IgG | Food sensitivities can be responsible for fatigue |
| THP | Fatigue may be due to an underactive thyroid |
| TAS | Oxidative stress due to reduced levels of antioxidants may cause fatigue |
| 3DP | Chronic parasitic infection, such as blastocyctis hominis, can cause fatigue |
| CDSA | Maldigestion, malabsorption and dysbiosis may cause nutrient deficiencies and increased antigenic load, resulting in fatigue |
| EFA | Low levels and imbalances in essential fatty acids affect neural function and may cause fatigue |
| TM | High levels of toxic metals, such as, Hg, Cd, Pb affect the central nervous system and may cause fatigue |
| MA | Mg deficiency is common in chronic fatigue and Mg deficiency in red blood cells has been observed |
| VA | Deficiencies of vitamins C, B1, B6, B12, and folate may affect central nervous system function and will contribute to fatigue |
| CoQ10 | Coenzyme Q10 deficiency may affect central nervous system function, resulting in fatigue |
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| CDSA | A complete assessment of digestion, absorption, pathogens, yeasts and microbial flora is recommended as a first line approach |
| IP | High intestinal permeability will increase antigenic load which may result in flatulence along with other symptoms of digestive discomfort |
| sIgA | Low levels of secretory IgA will reduce microbial flora and mucosal immunity, increasing the risk of pathogenic invasion that will produce symptoms such as flatulence |
| IgG | Flatulence may be a symptom of food sensitivity |
| 3DP | Flatulence may be a symptom of underlying parasitic infection |
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| IgG | The first step recommended is the IgG Food Sensitivity Profile to measure IgG antibodies to a panel of foods |
| IP | Increased intestinal permeability may be a significant contributing factor in the development and exacerbation of food sensitivities |
| CDSA | Poor digestive function and imbalanced microflora will contribute to the development and progression of food sensitivities |
| 3DP | An underlying parasitic infection may be an important causative factor in cases of recent or sudden food sensitivity |
| HpSA | Helicobacter pylori infection may also be worth investigating in cases of recent or sudden food sensitivity |
| EFA | Food sensitivity may result in EFA deficiencies |
| VA | Long term food sensitivity will inevitably result in nutrient deficiencies |
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| FHP | The balance of sex hormones should be assessed as hormonal abnormalities are a common cause of FBD featuring low levels of progesterone in particular |
| 2 & 16 | Differences from the normal ratio between 2- and 16-oestrone metabolites may indicate altered oestrogenic activity |
| THP | FBD may be associated with subclinical hypothyroidism |
| rT3 | High levels of rT3 will inhibit the conversion of T4 to T3 (this is seen during times of increased stress) |
| TAS | Low antioxidant status will result in increased oxidative stress and cell damage |
| CDSA | Optimal gut function is an important consideration when hormone levels are affected |
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| CDSA | A thorough assessment of gut function, including digestion, absorption, microbial flora and the presence of pathogenic bacteria is recommended to ascertain the underlying cause/s of gastritis |
| HpSA | Gastritis may be the result of active helicobacter pylori infection. This is important to detect and eliminate as it is a known cause of gastric ulcers |
| sIgA | A high daily production of secretory IgA is required to protect gastric mucosa from pathogens that could give rise to gastritis |
| IgG | Food sensitivity can be responsible for gut irritation and the symptoms of gastritis |
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| CDSA | A thorough assessment of gut function, including digestion, absorption, microbial flora and the presence of pathogenic bacteria is recommended to ascertain the underlying cause/s of gastroenteritis |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability will result in increased absorption of dietary antigens and toxic metals which could be implicated in gastroenteritis |
| 3DP | Parasitic infection may be a common cause of gastroenteritis |
| sIgA | A high daily production of secretory IgA is required to protect gastric mucosa from pathogens that could give rise to gastroenteritis |
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| TAS | Antioxidants are essential to prevent cellular damage. Vitamins E and C may counter the toxicity of glutamic acid and vitamin C can reduce intraocular pressure |
| CoQ10 | Coenzyme Q10 may help to prevent glaucoma and reduce further cellular damage |
| VA | Vitamin deficiency may contribute to glaucoma, eg B1, B12 |
| MA | Mineral deficiency may contribute to glaucoma, eg Cr, Zn |
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| IP | Alcohol intake leads to altered intestinal permeability resulting in increased antigenic load that will further exacerbate symptoms of gout |
| EFA | EFA deficiency is common, particularly omega 3 PUFA which may be of use in the management of gout |
| HMA | Hair mineral analysis provides a profile of chronic toxic metal exposure and deficiencies of essential trace elements |
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| FBH/MBH | Headaches are often associated with the onset of the menstrual period or menopause, due to hormonal imbalance |
| CDSA | Optimal gut function is an important consideration when hormone levels are affected. Malabsorption, maldigestion and dysbiosis may cause nutrient deficiencies and elevated levels of xenobiotics |
| IP | Headaches can result from increased antigenic load due to altered intestinal permeability |
| EFA | Essential fatty acid deficiencies may affect neural function and lead to inflammation. High n-6:n-3 ratios may cause elevated levels of pro-inflammatory metabolites |
| TM | Headaches may be a symptom of neural toxicity due to exposure to toxic metals such as Al, Hg and Pb |
| HMA | Hair analysis can detect deficiency or excess of vital minerals and toxic metals which may be implicated in headaches. Deficiency of magnesium in particular is associated with muscular spasm which may result in headaches |
| IgG | Food sensitivities may cause recurrent headaches |
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| AHP | Measuring Cortisol and DHEA-S levels is recommended as stress is often a trigger factor in hypertension |
| CDSA | Poor digestion, slow motility, dysbiosis and chronic constipation may also contribute to venous congestion and aggravation of hypertension |
| TAS/CoQ10 | Coenzyme Q10 may normalise blood pressure and is found to be deficient in a number of hypertensive patients.The other main antioxidants may also reduce blood pressure and protect against oxidative stress |
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| THP | Assessment of thyroid hormones including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) to detect excess thyroid hormones. This test is also recommended to monitor treatment of hyperthyroidism |
| rT3 | This test is recommended in conjunction with the Thyroid Hormone Profile to assess the levels of rT3, which is produced during periods of stress |
| AHP | Measuring Cortisol and DHEA-S levels is recommended as stress may contribute to overactive thyroid |
| FBH/MBH | Hormonal imbalance can play a role in thyroid hormone imbalance |
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| THP | Assessment of thyroid hormones including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) to ensure sufficient production of T4 and conversion to the more potent T3. This test is also recommended to monitor the effectiveness of thyroid hormone treatment |
| rT3 | High levels of rT3 will inhibit the conversion of T4 to T3 (this is seen during times of increased stress) |
| FBH/MBH | Low thyroid hormone can also lead to imbalance of the sex hormones which should be investigated if symptoms are apparent in this area |
| NTx | Impaired thyroid function may increase the risk of osteoporosis. This test measures the level of bone resorption as an indicator for osteoporosis |
| CDSA | Optimal gut function is an important consideration when hormone levels are affected. Malabsorption, malnutrition and dysbiosis may contribute to deficiencies of essential nutrients required for thyroid function |
| HMA | Deficiencies in essential mineral nutrients may be the cause of hypothyroidism e.g. I (iodine is essential information of thyroid hormones), Zn and Se (essential to the conversion of T4 to T3). |
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| CDSA | Assessment of digestive system health, including absorption, gastric pH and balance of intestinal microflora |
| 3DP | Some common symptoms (e.g. flatulence, cramps, bloating, abdominal pain) may be caused by the presence of parasites, such as Dientamoeba fragilis |
| HpSA | Tests for Helicobacter pylori, which is implicated in gastritis and ulcers |
| IgG | Malabsorption due to food intolerances (e.g. lactose) may be identified by IgG food sensitivity testing |
| IP | Indigestion and related symptoms may be the result of altered intestinal permeability where dietary antigens cause intestinal inflammation |
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| MBH (Male) | Assessing sex hormone levels is an important first step in determining correct hormone balance |
| FBH (Female) | Assessing sex hormone levels is an important first step in determining correct hormone balance |
| HMA | Deficiencies in essential minerals (particularly Se and Zn) can be a major factor in infertility (particularly in men). The potential accumulation of toxic metals also needs to be assessed |
| TAS | Antioxidants are required to prevent cellular damage due to oxidative stress. Assessing TAS is an essential part of the investigation into the causes of infertility |
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| AHP | Assessment of Cortisol and DHEA-S levels is recommended as stress is a major cause of sleep disturbances. |
| MEL | Melatonin levels decrease with age and low levels can result in sleep disturbances |
| EFA | Omega 3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, have been shown to assist in the treatment of depression which may be an underlying cause of insomnia |
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| CDSA | Irritation may be due to dysbiosis or sensitivity to foods and may result in maldigestion and malnutrition |
| 3DP | Irritation may be due to the presence of gut parasites |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability may occur because of irritation, allowing toxins and allergens into the system |
| IgG | Intolerances to common foods (e.g. lactose) may cause irritation and can be identified by IgG food sensitivity testing |
| sIgA | Stress has a major impact on the output of Secretory IgA which is needed to protect the gut mucosa from irritation and infection |
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| CDSA | Intestinal dysbiosis is a common cause of IBD. Inflammation may also cause maldigestion and malabsorption |
| 3-DP | Parasites or other infectious organisms may cause IBD-like symptoms and may be responsible for inflammation |
| IP | Damaged intestinal mucosa are more permeable to antigens and toxins, which may cause systemic problems |
| IgG | Immune reactions due to food sensitivities are common and may increase inflammation and intestinal permeability |
| EFA | Chronic inflammatory response may result from essential fatty acid deficiencies and imbalances, a high n-6:n-3 ratio may cause elevated levels of pro-inflammatory metabolites |
| NTx | Reduced bone mineral density is common and may be caused by corticosteroid treatment and dysfunctional Ca metabolism |
| VA | Chronic malabsorption (esp. Crohn's disease) can lead to vitamin deficiencies |
| TAS | Free radical endothelial damage may occur as a result of low antioxidant levels |
| TE | Test for recent imbalances in critical elements (e.g. Se, Cu, Zn) |
| HMA | Test for chronic deficiencies of critical elements (e.g. Se, Cu, Zn, Fe) |
| IS | General pathology testing for Fe and Hb is important, as iron deficiency anaemia is common in IBD |
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| TAS | Antioxidant status is crucial to protect immune system function and prevent opportunistic infection in leukaemia patients |
| MA | Mineral deficiencies such as Se and Zn are seen in leukaemia patients. Se may assist in prevention and treatment |
| VA | Vitamins that support immune system function such as A,C,D and E, are often required in larger amounts by leukaemia patients |
Libido |
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| FBH/MBH | Hormonal imbalance can contribute to lowered libido (often seen in menopause/andropause) |
| AHP | Measuring Cortisol and DHEA-S levels is recommended as high levels of stress can have a negative effect on libido |
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| FLDP | Accurate identification of an individuals's liver detoxification profile to eliminate guesswork and assist the direction of treatment |
| CDSA | Poor digestive function, malabsorption and dysbiosis can result in increased burden on the liver |
| BHP/FHP | Compromised liver function can contribute to inefficient metabolism of hormones resulting in hormone imbalance |
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| BHP/FHP | Female sex hormones are implicated in disease pathogenesis of SLE |
| IP | The intestinal barrier also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders in genetically susceptible people |
| EFA | EFA status is important to assess as EFA deficiency is seen in SLE and may be an important part of the treatment strategy |
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| 2 & 16 | A high ratio between 2- and 16-oestrogen metabolites may be associated with oestrogen deficiency. A low 2 - and 16 - oestrogen metabolite ratio may be associated with an increased risk of oestrogen dominant conditions such as breast cancer |
| AHP | Stress may contribute to menopausal symptoms. Testing Cortisol and DHEA-S will assess this |
| THP | An underactive thyroid is common in menopausal women and may contribute to symptoms such as weight gain, lethargy and increased facial hair |
| rT3 | High levels of rT3 will inhibit the conversion of T4 to T3 (this is seen during times of increased stress) |
| NTx | Cross-linked N-telopeptide is a marker of calcium resorption and hence osteoporosis risk, which should be assessed as the low levels of oestrogens associated with menopause are a common cause of osteoporosis |
| CDSA | Optimal gut function is an important consideration when hormone levels are affected |
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| FHP | It is important to assess the levels of oestrogens and progesterone throughout the cycle, as elevated/prolonged high levels of oestrogen or progesterone may be responsible for menorrhagia |
| 2 & 16 | A low ratio between 2 & 16 urinary oestrogen metabolites may be associated with pathologies of oestrogen excess (including breast cancer) |
| THP | It is important to assess levels of thyroid hormones as subclinical hypothyroidism may underlie menorrhagia |
| rT3 | High levels of rT3 will inhibit the conversion of T4 to T3 (this is seen during times of increased stress) |
| EFA | Imbalances in essential fatty acids may cause menorrhagia. In particular high levels of the n-6 EFA, Arachadonic acid, may lead to elevated levels of pro-inflammatory metabolites, such as the 2-series prostaglandins, which may cause excessive bleeding |
| CDSA | Optimal gut function is an important consideration when hormone levels are affected |
| VA | Deficiencies in vitamins A, C, and E may exacerbate menorrhagia |
| IS | Fe deficiency due to excessive blood loss is an important consideration. Chronic Fe deficiency may also promote menorrhagia |
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| CDSA | Poor digestion, malabsorption, microbial flora imbalance and the presence of pathogenic bacteria can all contribute to migraine |
| IgG | Food sensitivity is common in migraine sufferers |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability will result in increased absorption of dietary antigens and toxic metals which can be implicated in migraine |
| HMA | Hair analysis can detect deficiency or excess of vital minerals and toxic metals which may be implicated in migraine. Deficiency of magnesium in particular is associated with muscular spasm which may contribute to migraine |
| CoQ10 | Deficiency of CoQ10 is commonly seen in migraine sufferers |
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| CDSA | Nausea is a common symptom of inefficient digestion, gut dysbioisis, malabsorption and maldigestion. The CDSA is the first test recommended |
| IgG | Food sensitivity can result in higher antigenic load and subsequent nausea |
| HpSA | Nausea can be a symptom of active infection with Helicobacter pylori |
| 3DP | Nausea may be a symptom of parasitic infection |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability will contribute to the other digestive causes of nausea such as high alcohol/caffeine/cigarette smoking etc |
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| FBH/MBH | Hormonal imbalance can contribute to obesity |
| THP | An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) is a common cause of weight gain |
| rT3 | Conversion of T4 to rT3 instead of T3 will contribute to thyroid imbalance |
| AHP | Adrenal fatigue (low Cortisol/DHEA-S) will decrease metabolism and may contribute to weight gain |
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| NTx | Cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx) is an indicator of bone resorption, high levels can indicate reduced bone mineral density |
| FBH/MBH | The correct balance of testosterone and oestrogens are essential to maintaining bone mineral density |
| 2 & 16 | Variation from normal ratios between 2- and 16-oestrogen metabolites may indicate osteoporosis risk in females due to oestrogen deficiency |
| HMA | Elevated levels of Cd interferes with Ca uptake and vitamin D metabolism |
Otitis Media |
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| IgG | In children food sensitivity may be linked to chronic middle ear infection/otitis media |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability may be an important contributing factor to food and environmental sensitivities |
| CDSA | Poor gut function may contribute to food sensitivities linked to otitis media |
| HMA | Mineral deficiencies (eg Zinc, Chromium) and toxic metal accumulation (Lead, Mercury) may contribute to recurrent otitis media |
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| FBH/MBH | It is important to assess levels of E2, P4, TT and DHEA as ovarian cysts may be associated with imbalances of these hormones |
| 2 & 16 | In cases of oestrogen dominance, assessing proper oestrogen metabolism is important |
| EFA | EFA deficiency may be implicated in ovarian cyst formation |
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| 3DP | Examination of three stool specimens collected over three consecutive days for parasitic infection |
| CDSA | Comprehensive assessment of the microbiology of the gut is important to assess the impact of the parasite/s on microbial flora |
| sIgA | Assessing the levels of secretory IgA is important as this substance is responsible for mucosal immunity and protection against pathogenic invasion |
| IgG | Food sensitivity can lead to mucosal irritation and loss of defence, promoting an optimal environment for parasitic infection |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability may also be responsible for reduced defences and increased susceptibility to parasitic infection |
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| FBH | PMS is caused by irregularities in the oestrogen to progesterone balance. High levels of oestrogens may be responsible for some of the symptoms of PMS. It is important to assess each woman's individual profile in order to match treatment to the underlying cause of the condition. |
| ABF | PMS is affected by stress, which can be assessed by measuring levels of cortisol and DHEA. |
| THP | Assessment of thyroid hormone levels is important to establish a relationship to PMS |
| rT3 | High levels of rT3 will inhibit the conversion of T4 to T3 (this is seen during times of increased stress) |
| EFA | There is a complex relationship between essential fatty acid metabolites and the symptoms of PMS. The balance of anti- and pro-inflammatory mediators is not only important, but specific to each individual. Hence an essential fatty acid profile is needed in order to treat holistically |
| CDSA | In our experience optimal gut function is an important consideration when hormone levels are disrupted |
| VA | Deficiency of vitamin B6, an essential cofactor for the conversion of tryptophan and tyrosine into the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine, will contribute to PMS symptoms. The B group vitamins are also needed for effective liver detoxification |
| HMA | Long-term imbalances of Ca, Mg, and Zn may cause PMS symptoms |
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| MBH | Assessment of the profile of sex hormones is important because benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH) may be linked with excess oestrogen levels and an increase in levels of both testosterone and it's more active form dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate gland. BPH may also be one of the causes of prostatitis |
| 2 & 16 | Assessment of the ratio between 2- and 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone is important in BPH, as there may be a link between levels of the active 16- form and prostate enlargement |
| CDSA | Optimal gut function is an important consideration when hormone levels are affected. Malabsorption, malnutrition, and dysbiosis may also contribute to nutrient deficiencies and toxin accumulation associated with the inflammation of prostatitis |
| HMA | Zinc is particularly important in BPH as a deficiency may cause increased conversion of testosterone to DHT. Excesses of other minerals/toxic metals may compete with Zn for absorption |
| IP | Intestinal permeability is common in cases of prostatitis as the resultant toxins and proinflammatory mediators entering the bloodstream increases the systemic tendency towards inflammatory disorders |
| EFA | BPH may be associated with an underlying essential fatty acid deficiency |
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| IP | Altered intestinal permeability will contribute to increased sensitivity to antigens resulting in further production of inflammatory mediators |
| CDSA | Poor gut function will increase food and chemical sensitivities and should be ruled out as an important underlying cause |
| IgG | Intolerances to common foods (e.g. gluten) may cause irritation and can be identified by IgG food sensitivity testing |
| EFA | Psoriatic lesions are high in pro-inflammatory metabolites which can be inhibited by higher levels of EPA |
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| IP | Abdominal radiation therapy may cause chronic alterations in intestinal permeability due to excess generation of free radicals and destruction of intestinal villi |
| sIgA | Damage to the gut mucosa from radiation therapy may lead to lowered levels of sIgA and increased risk of pathogenic invasion |
| TAS | Total antioxidant status is essential to determine given the high free radical load generated by radiation therapy |
| VA, MA | Radiation therapy may result in significant depletion of vitamins and minerals (particularly vitamin C), essential to the repair and recovery process |
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| EFA | EFA deficiency may contribute to poor circulation and sufficient levels may reduce the severity of the disease |
| VA, MA | Elevated homocysteine levels have been found in Raynaud's phenomenon. This is reduced by the presence of adequate levels of B12 and folate. Assessing vitamin and mineral status is also important as deficiencies of other nutrients such as vitamin B6 and magnesium are implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease |
| TAS | Total antioxidant status is important to assess when determining treatment for Raynaud's phenomenon |
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| CDSA | Poor digestive function results in increased food and chemical sensitivities which may contribute to the inflammatory process in RA |
| IP | High intestinal permeability must be investigated as a potential underlying factor contributing to high antigenic load and persistent inflammation in RA |
| EFA | High levels of arachidonic acid with corresponding low levels of the EFAs will contribute to the inflammation and pain seen in RA |
Rosacea |
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| FBH/MBH | Hormonal imbalance may be a contributing factor to rosacea, particularly in menopausal women |
| HpSA | Studies show a higher prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in patients with rosacea, and significant reduction in severity of rosacea after eradication of this bacteria |
| CDSA | Gut dysbiosis and inflammation commonly underly skin disorders and are a recommended investigation here |
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| MEL | Reduced exposure to light (particularly in winter) disrupts the circadian rhythm which may contribute to sleep disturbances and depression |
| AHP | Elevated cortisol levels (as a result of prolonged stress) may be implicated in SAD |
| FBH/MBH | Hormonal imbalance may contribute to seasonal affective disorder |
| CDSA | Poor digestive function and gut dysbiosis may contribute to food sensitivities/intolerances which may exacerbate SAD |
| EFA | Low levels of n-3 fatty acids or high n-6:n-3 ratios are common in patients with SAD |
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| AHP | Altered levels of cortisol and DHEA-S are indicative of acute and/or chronic mental and/or physical stress |
| MEL | Low levels of melatonin will contribute to stress-related symptoms such as insomnia, poor immune function, depression and anxiety |
| IP | Prolonged stress may contribute to altered intestinal permeability, resulting in higher antigenic load and inflammation |
| FBH/MBH | Stress can contribute to hormonal imbalance and be an important underlying cause of premenstrual syndrome and menopausal symptoms |
| sIgA | It is important to assess the levels of sIgA as prolonged stress inhibits its secretion, resulting in reduced immune defence |
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| TAS | Total antioxidant status is important to investigate as antioxidants such as vitamins C and E may inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce further vascular occlusion. |
| EFA | EFA status is another important investigation as high arachidonic acid and low levels of omega 3 EFAs contribute to increased platelet aggregation |
| VA, MA | Certain vitamins and minerals may have beneficial effects in recovery from stroke and prevention of further vascular occlusion |
| HMA | Hair mineral analysis identifies mineral deficiencies and toxic metal exposure which may play a role in the development of stroke and inhibit recovery |
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| THP | Low thyroid function is common in Syndrome X patients |
| rT3 | rT3 production may be increased at the expense of fT3 (free T3) production, as seen during periods of stress |
| FBH/MBH | Assessment of E1, E2, P4, TT and DHEAS is critical as Syndrome X may be associated with high levels of TT and E2 in particular |
| CDSA | Poor digestive function may have an impact on metabolic efficiency |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability may exacerbate poor digestive function |
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|
| VA | Tinnitus may be related to deficiencies in vitamins A, D and B12 |
| MA | Tinnitus may be related to deficiencies in minerals such as Manganese and Zinc |
| TAS | Given the potential relationship of tinnitus to cardiovascular and circulatory disorders, assessment of TAS is important to determine risk |
| HMA | Toxic metals may be implicated in tinnitus, particularly by contributing to deficiency of protective minerals such as Zinc |
|
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| EFA | High levels of arachidonic acid result in increased blood viscosity and increased risk of stroke |
| TAS | TAS is important to assess as these nutrients protect against conditions associated with thrombosis such as heart attack and stroke |
| CoQ10 | CoQ10 is important to assess as these nutrients protect against conditions associated with thrombosis such as heart attack and stroke |
Ulcers |
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| HpSA | Helicobacter pylori is the main bacteria associated with ulcer |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability reduces mucosal defence against antigens and pathogens which may aggravate inflammation |
| sIgA | Low levels of secretory IgA reduce mucosal defence and affect the repair process |
| CDSA | Poor digestion and gut dysbiosis may also contribute to inflammation and inhibit the repair process in ulcer |
|
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| CDSA | Intestinal dysbiosis and the presence of other microbes can be detected |
| sIgA | Lowered levels of sIgA increases susceptibility to pathogenic invasion |
| EFA | EFA deficiency contributes to hormonal imbalance which may be an important factor in UTIs |
| FBH/MBH | Hormonal imbalance can be an important underlying factor in the predisposition to UTIs |
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|
| FBH | Oestrogen dominance is a common cause of uterine fibroids. The full cycle Female Hormone Profile is recommended in the investigation of uterine fibroids |
| 2 & 16 | Ensuring a healthy 2-and 16- oestrogen metabolites ratio is recommended in cases of oestrogen dominance |
| THP | Thyroid hormone imbalance may be implicated in the susceptibility to uterine fibroids |
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|
| CDSA | Intestinal dysbiosis is common in Ulcerative Colitis. Inflammation may also cause maldigestion and malabsorption |
| 3DP | |
| IP | Altered intestinal permeability is common in Ulcerative Colitis and damaged intestinal mucosa more permeable to antigens and toxins |
| IgG | Food sensitivities are common and may increase inflammation and intestinal permeability |
| sIgA | Stress reduces Secretory IgA which is necessary to protect the gut from infection and inflammation |
| EFA | Chronic inflammatory response may result from essential fatty acid deficiencies and imbalances. A high n-6:n-3 ratio may cause elevated levels of pro-inflammatory metabolites |
| NTx | Reduced bone mineral density is common and may be caused by corticosteroid treatment and dysfunctional Ca metabolism |
| VA | Chronic malabsorption can lead to vitamin deficiencies |
| TAS | Free radical endothelial damage may occur as a result of low antioxidant levels |
| MA | Test for recent imbalances in critical elements (e.g. Se, Cu, Zn) |
| HMA | Test for chronic deficiencies of critical elements (e.g. Se, Cu, Zn, Fe) |
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|
| FBH/ABF | Hormonal imbalance may be an important factor in vaginitis |
| sIgA | Low levels of sIgA are associated with reduced mucosal defence and increased susceptibility to pathogenic invasion |
| EFA | EFA status is important to determine as deficiencies may contribute to hormonal imbalance and inflammation |
| CDSA | Incorporates mycology to detect presence of yeast species such as candida |
| IP | Altered gut permeability increases the susceptibility to pathogenic invasion |
| HMA | An important test to determine mineral deficiencies and toxic metal accumulation which may contribute to susceptibility to vaginitis |
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| THP | Given the role of the thyroid gland in metabolism, the Thyroid Hormone Profile is recommended as the first line of investigation in unexplained weight gain/loss |
| rT3 | High levels of rT3 will inhibit the conversion of T4 to T3 (this is seen during times of increased stress) |
| AHP | Adrenal fatigue (low Cortisol/DHEA-S) will decrease metabolism and may contribute to weight gain |
| FBH/MBH | Hormonal imbalance may be a contributing factor in unexplained weight gain/loss |
| CDSA | Poor digestive function may contribute to metabolic |
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